Microprocessors versus Microcontrollers, ARM Embedded Systems: The RISC design philosophy, The ARM Design Philosophy, Embedded System Hardware, Embedded System Software.
ARM Processor Fundamentals: Registers, Current Program Status Register, Pipeline, Exceptions, Interrupts, and the Vector Table, Core Extensions.

Introduction to the ARM Instruction Set: Data Processing Instructions , Branch Instructions, Software Interrupt Instructions, Program Status Register Instructions, Coprocessor Instructions, Loading Constants C.
Compilers and Optimization: Basic C Data Types, C Looping Structures, Register Allocation, Function Calls, Pointer Aliasing.

C Compilers and Optimization: Structure Arrangement, Bit-fields, Unaligned Data and Endianness, Division, Floating Point, Inline Functions and Inline Assembly, Portability Issues.
ARM programming using Assembly language: Writing Assembly code, Profiling and cycle counting, instruction scheduling, Register Allocation, Conditional Execution, Looping Constructs.

Embedded System Components: Embedded Vs General computing system, History of embedded systems, Classification of Embedded systems, Major applications areas of embedded systems, purpose of embedded systems. Core of an Embedded System including all types of processor/controller, Memory, Sensors, Actuators, LED, 7 segment LED display, stepper motor, Keyboard, Push button switch, Communication Interface (onboard and external types), Embedded firmware, Other system components

RTOS and IDE for Embedded System Design: Operating System basics, Types of operating systems, Task, process and threads (Only POSIX Threads with an example program), Thread preemption, Multiprocessing and Multitasking, Task Communication (without any program), Task synchronization issues – Racing and Deadlock, Concept of Binary and counting semaphores (Mutex example without any program), How to choose an RTOS, Integration and testing of Embedded hardware and firmware, Embedded system Development Environment – Block diagram (excluding Keil), Disassembler/ decompile, simulator, emulator and debugging techniques, target hardware debugging, boundary scan.